The main problem at the beginning is that there must be the anchor button in the CkEditor besides the Magnolia links.

Anchor management in CKEdtitor doesn't work like needed by important users.

Problem 1: No link to anchor outside of current component (same page)

Even if an anchor is defined on the same page, it cannot be selected as link target in CKEditor ("No anchors available in the document").

Problem 2: No link to anchor to a different Magnolia page

It is generally not possible to select an anchor that is located on a different page in Magnolia.